All 15 identified attackers were on terror warning lists or “Islamist instigator” lists in at least 1 European country. In addition, most were on other lists, such as no-fly lists. All 15 had been classified as violence-prone. 14 had known contacts with other radical Islamists (one of them was apparently radicalized only via the Internet). 12 had taken trips to the “Islamic State” in Syria, or to al-Qaida in Iraq or Yemen. 10 had criminal records, most of them for violent crimes.

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