Enclose a few 1000 KG of matter within another thin shell of matter wherein we can change its mass from positive to negative. It would have to become sufficiently negative to null the positive mass of the initial mass of the shell and the matter it encloses. This would screen the gravitational influence of the matter in the rest of the universe on the matter within the thin shell.
Screen our electron from the gravitational potential due to the rest of the universe, the denominator would become of order unity and the exotic bare mass of the electron – 21 orders of magnitude larger than its normal mass and negative – would be exposed. Do this to a modest amount of normal stuff and you would have your Jupiter mass of exotic matter to make a traversable stargate – if the negative bare mass ADM model of elementary particles is a plausible representation of reality.
the crucial breakthrough is to reduce the mass-energy needed for a warp field from jupiter (10E27 kg) to voyager 1 mass-energy (10E3 kg).
this is innovation. building a web 2.0 site isn’t.
The world’s lightest material — with a density of 0.9 mg/cc — ~100x lighter than Styrofoam — has been developed by a team of researchers from UC Irvine, HRL Laboratories, and the California Institute of Technology.
“From Dust to Edge” is the documentation of a long journey in the efforts of making a blade out of homemade steel.
Henri Bergius this sounds up your alley. I don’t think my landlord will go for it but there is plenty of space in the finnish woods for a project like this. 2015-02-17: Nanolaminated steel
the Modumetal process can increase the strength of metals such as steel by as much as 10x. Modumetal uses an advanced form of electroplating, a process already used to make the chrome plating you might see on the engine and exhaust pipes of a motorcycle. Electroplating involves immersing a metal part in a chemical bath containing various metal ions, and then applying an electrical current to cause those ions to form a metal coating.
Boston Metal’s process will use 20% less energy than a conventional blast furnace. And if the facility can use cheap, plentiful renewable electricity, perhaps from a hydropower plant, its steel would cost less than the competition. “At scale, we expect to make better metal at lower cost and with no CO2 emissions
Steelmaking is currently extremely CO2 intensive, accounting for about 7% of total global greenhouse gas emissions. As we continue to use ever more steel for new infrastructure around the world, the task of decarbonizing the industry is growing ever more urgent. Hydrogen can now perform that task and Volvo has just taken delivery of the first consignment of CO2-free steel.
2023-02-23: Nice overview of the history of steel production
Blast furnaces continue to be constructed around the world, particularly in China, which now produces more steel than the rest of the world combined. For the foreseeable future, recycling steel scrap won’t be sufficient to supply the world’s need for iron, and we’ll continue to need iron ore based methods of steelmaking. But blast furnaces, like cement plants, have the unfortunate distinction of producing CO2 as a fundamental part of the process: a blast furnace is essentially a machine that turns iron oxide and carbon into iron and CO2.
Direct reduction with CO still produces CO2, but direct reduction with hydrogen only produces water as a byproduct. “Green steel” efforts are thus often centered around finding low-carbon ways to produce hydrogen to use in the direct reduction process. Of the 72 green steel projects listed on this “green steel tracker,” 49 of them involve low CO2 hydrogen production, mostly either “green” hydrogen made via electrolysis or “blue” hydrogen made from natural gas plus CO2 capture.
It replaces 90% of the coke used in the blast furnace with direct CO injection. The CO comes from a system that captures and recycles the furnace’s own exhaust “top gas,” separating out CO, CO2, hydrogen and nitrogen gases at high temperatures. These gases are then sent through a twin-reactor redox system that keeps the carbon inside a closed loop. Retrofitting this thermochemical redox system to existing BF-BOF steel plants should make it notably cheaper to produce steel. And emissions would be slashed by 94%.
“The system we are proposing can be retrofitted to existing plants, which reduces the risk of stranded assets, and both the reduction in CO2, and the cost savings, are seen immediately.”
Assuming that the particles interact with the object, but not with one another, the accuracy of such measurements grows in proportion to the number of particles in the beams, N. By allowing such particle interactions, scientists have now demonstrated a way to break this so-called Heisenberg limit. They used a beam of photons to measure the small magnetic field produced by a gas made up of 1m ultra-cold rubidium atoms. Normally, the spin of each photon would rotate by a certain amount, thanks to its interactions with the magnetic field of the atoms. But the frequency of the photons was chosen so that the photons also interacted with each other when they were in the gas, so that the presence of one photon altered the way a second behaved. These interactions led to a measurement accuracy that grew in proportion to N3/2 – greater than Heisenberg’s limit
i wish i understood this better, but how is that possible?
The dynamics of a physical system is linked to its phase-space geometry by Noether’s theorem, which holds under standard hypotheses including continuity. Does an analogous theorem hold for discrete systems? As a testbed, we take the Ising spin model with both ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic bonds. We show that—and why—energy not only acts as a generator of the dynamics for this family of systems, but is also conserved when the dynamics is time-invariant.
expanding the rules of symmetry beyond physics to cs, economics etc
Not sure about being first, but metamaterials also go beyond the diffraction limit.
The smallest structures that conventional lenses are able to optically resolve are of the order of 200 nm. We introduce a new type of lens that exploits multiple scattering of light to generate a scanning nano-sized optical focus. With an experimental realization of this lens in gallium phosphide we have succeeded to image gold nanoparticles at 97 nm optical resolution. Our work is the first lens that provides a resolution in the nanometer regime at visible wavelengths.
2013-11-13: making microscopic images with visible light is limited by the diffraction limit, around 250nm. If you want to go smaller you have to use (often destructive) techniques like X-rays. This new technique can get to 30nm plus it makes beautiful pictures as a side effect.
Scientists have improved the spatial resolution from 8nm to 0.8nm of photoluminescence imaging. This has realized sub-molecular resolution with single molecule photofluorescence imaging for the first time.
gravity saves the day. or rather, the future of the cosmos.
The Fang/Dyson idea (for the lack of a better name) says that rather than an inexorable sinking towards heat death, the universe is biased toward a slow and steady march towards increasing differences over time. Gravity will continue to accentuate the uneven clumping of matter, and create ever more uneven energy potential, constantly building up order, even while local areas run down. But over the very long term, the universe as a whole is running up.
Gregor J. Rothfuss 