Tag: biotech

Engineering Biology

30 years into biotechnology, despite all of the successes and attention and hype, we still are inept when it comes to engineering the living world. We haven’t scratched the surface of it, and so the big question for me is, how do we make biology easy to engineer? For comparison, if you look at other examples of technology, there are many of them. Take modern electronics, during and following World War Two, people are building computers. Von Neumann is building a nice machine in the basement of the Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton. The official purpose of this machine is to design hydrogen bombs and compute the trajectories of munitions. And he of course is apparently running artificial life programs on it, because that’s what he’s more interested in Let’s say it was 1950. The Apple One, the personal computer is only 25 years later.

interview with drew endy, the guy behind parts.mit.edu

Protein Arrays

Existing protein arrays involve the tedious and lengthy process of expressing proteins in living cells followed by purifying, stabilizing, and spotting the samples. This process is a bottleneck in the preparation of the arrays. Moreover, functionally active proteins require careful manipulation, and the less that is needed the better. Our approach to developing a protein array, a Nucleic Acid-Programmable Protein Array (NAPPA), replaces the complex process of spotting purified proteins with the straightforward and much simpler process of spotting plasmid DNA. The system could produce any desired protein from synthesized DNA placed on the chip. It is another step in making protein production and engineering and biotechnology in general faster and cheaper.

Chimeric Immunity

Dr Sachs and Dr Cosimi tricked the body by transplanting a part of the donor’s bone marrow along with the organ. Since the cells of the immune system are derived from stem cells in the bone marrow, these patients go on to develop what is known as chimeric immunity, which blends elements from the immune systems of both the donor and the recipient.

Transplanting immune-system stem cells along with kidneys stops rejection, enables xenotransplantation.

Top 10 New Organisms

Butanol-producing E. coli

Genetic engineering is getting so easy, even a kid can do it. A team of students from the University of Alberta, “the Butanerds,” competed in the International Genetically Engineered Machines competition, creating an E. coli strain that produces butanol fuel (albeit rather inefficiently). The Butanerds have competition from a host of well-funded startups, like Synthetic Genomics and LS9, which are trying to genetically modify single-celled organisms to create the fuels of the future.

how long until “top 10 new human clades”?

DNA sample dry storage

The firm has simulated long-term storage equivalent to 13 years at room temperature, by applying higher temperatures than samples would normally endure. Such storage costs 33% as much as freezing the samples would. And when a sample is needed for analysis, you just add water, à la Sea Monkey. The market for this sort of thing is potentially huge. In contrast with the impression given by “CSI”, a popular crime series, DNA analysis is not something that takes a glamorous technician a few minutes in a moodily lit room. The FBI alone has a backlog of more than 200K unprocessed DNA samples from convicted criminals (85% of the samples it has collected during the past 6 years). This number has almost doubled in the past year, yet it may grow even faster in the future since what was once a procedure required only for sex offenders has now become obligatory for a range of felons from murderers to drug-addicts. Moreover, starting next year, both the federal authorities and a number of states will cast an even wider net by collecting DNA from everyone they arrest (as now happens in Britain). That will swell the haul of samples by at least 500K specimens a year.

a way to conserve biological material by drying. to revert, just add water.

3D Printing Microfluidics

The rapid and non-photolithographic approach to microfluidic pattern generation by leveraging the inherent shrinkage properties of biaxially oriented polystyrene thermoplastic sheets. This novel approach yields channels deep enough for mammalian cell assays, with demonstrated heights up to 80 µm. Moreover, we can consistently and easily achieve rounded channels, multi-height channels, and channels as thin as 65 µm in width. Finally, we demonstrate the utility of this simple microfabrication approach by fabricating a functional gradient generator. The whole process—from device design conception to working device—can be completed within minutes. DIY biology world isn’t close– if you’re ingenious and have the toys at hand, it’s here.