continuous assured PNT service over ±60° latitude (covering 99.8% of the world’s population) with positioning performance exceeding traditional GNSS pseudoranging would cost less than 0.8% of downlink capacity for the largest of the new constellations, SpaceX’s Starlink. where previous proposals targeted positioning precision on-par with traditional GNSS pseudoranging (on the order of 3 m), fused LEO GNSS can improve on this by more than an order of magnitude to 20cm