the worst disaster in ancient history, even more calamitous than the collapse of the Western Roman Empire.
The thing about bronze is that it requires long supply lines. To make a bronze sword in Greece, you might need tin from Cornwall and copper from Cyprus. Except for a small area in Asia Minor, tin and copper deposits don’t co-occur. The Bronze Age was therefore a time of international trade and travel. Art from the Middle East turned up in Norway and Afghanistan, that sort of thing.
2023-02-11: Evidence for a climate factor in the collapse
Here we examine the collapse of the Hittite Empire 3200 BP. The Hittites were one of the great powers in the ancient world, with an empire centered in a semi-arid region in Anatolia with political and socioeconomic interconnections throughout the ancient Near East and Eastern Mediterranean, which for a long time proved resilient despite facing regular and intersecting sociopolitical, economic and environmental challenges. Examination of ring width and stable isotope records obtained from contemporary juniper trees in central Anatolia provides a high-resolution dryness record. This analysis identifies an unusually severe continuous dry period from around 1198 to 1196 (±3) BC, potentially indicating a tipping point, and signals the type of episode that can overwhelm contemporary risk-buffering practices.